Accessibility at Fresno State
Manual Evaluations
Importance of Manual Testing
While automated testing tools have an important role to play, such solutions are only able to identify about 25% of possible accessibility barriers. Manual testing is, and always will be, the only failsafe means to fully evaluate the actual functional and technical accessibility of a web page or application.
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative - Easy Checks
There are times when a quick check will provide enough information to inform the accessibility-related decision making process. The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative has established the following checks to quickly determine if accessibility is supported in even the "most basic way."
- Page title
- Image text alternatives
- Text (headings, contrast ratio, resize text)
- Interaction (keyboard access and visual focus)
- Forms, Labels, and errors (including search files)
- General (moving, flashing or blinking content, multimedia (video, audio) alternatives, basic structure check)
Web Performance Manual Evaluation
The CSU has established a web performance manual evaluation process to help campuses identify the most commonly encountered accessibility barriers. The 2017 refresh of Section 508 established the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 AA as the minimum required level of conformance for webpages and other ICT.
| Checkpoint | Accessibility Requirement | WCAG Principal |
|---|---|---|
| Accessibility Statement | Section 508 603.2 | N/A |
| Consistent Navigation | WCAG 3.2.3 (AA) | Understandable |
| Keyboard Operable: Keyboard Operable (all functionality) | WCAG 2.1.1 (A) | Operable |
| Keyboard Operable: Focus Visible | WCAG 2.4.7 (AA) | Operable |
| Keyboard Operable: Keyboard Traps | WCAG 2.1.2 (A) | Operable |
| Focus Order | WCAG 2.4.3 (A) | Operable |
| Pause, Stop, Hide | WCAG 2.2.2 (A) | Operable |
| Resize Text | WCAG 1.4.4 (AA) | Perceivable |
| Link Purpose (In Context) | WCAG 2.4.4 (A) | Operable |
| Link Purpose (Link Only) | WCAG 2.4.9 (AAA) | Operable |
| Page Title (Describes purpose or topic) | WCAG 2.4.2 (A) | Operable |
| Language of Page (Entire Page) | WCAG 3.1.1 (A) | Understandable |
| Headers | WCAG 1.3.1 (A) | Perceivable |
| Data Tables: Proper markup (H51) | WCAG 1.3.1 (A) | Perceivable |
| Data Tables: Caption element present (H39) | WCAG 1.3.1 (A) | Perceivable |
| Layout Tables (not advisable) | WCAG 1.3.2 (A) | Perceivable |
| Abbreviations used on page | WCAG 3.1.4 (AAA) | Understandable |
| Non-Text Content | WCAG 1.1.1 (A) | Perceivable |
| Images of Text | WCAG 1.4.5 (AA) | Perceivable |
| Error Identification | WCAG 3.3.1 (A) | Understandable |
| Error Prevention | WCAG 3.3.4 (AA) | Understandable |
| Form Field Labels | WCAG 1.1.1 (A), WCAG 1.3.1 (A), WCAG 3.3.2 (A), WCAG 4.1.2 (A) | Perceivable, Understandable, Robust |
| Color Contrast | WCAG 1.4.3 (AA) | Perceivable |
| Multimedia: Captions (Prerecorded) | WCAG 1.2.2 (A) | Perceivable |
| Multimedia: Captions (Live) | WCAG 1.2.4 (AA) | Perceivable |
| Multimedia: Audio Description (Prerecorded) | WCAG 1.2.5 (AA) | Perceivable |
| Multimedia: Keyboard Accessibility | WCAG 2.1.1 (A) | Operable |